Wednesday, June 30, 2010

NEWS MEDIA IN INDIA

Overview

  • India is the second largest market in the world for newspapers
  • India, along with China and Japan, accounts for 62 of the world’s best selling daily newspapers
  • There are more than 65000 newspapers and periodicals with over 7000 dailies, of which around 400 are in English
  • In addition to English and 22 principal languages enunciated in the Constitution, newspapers in India are published in 81 other languages as well. These include regional dialects of Indian languages and a few foreign languages
  • Print media in India is regulated by the Registrar of Newspapers for India
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

Readership and circulation

  • The largest number of newspapers are published in Hindi
  • The largest circulated daily newspaper in India is the Times of India (English)
  • The largest circulated Hindi daily is the Dainik Bhaskar from Bhopal. It is also the largest circulated multi-edition daily newspaper in any language in India
  • The largest circulated other language daily is the Malayala Manorama from Kottayam
  • The largest circulated periodical is the fortnightly Saras Salil (Hindi, Delhi)
  • The largest number of newspapers are published in Uttar Pradesh
  • The Anandabazar Patrika (Bengali, Calcutta) is the largest single-edition regional language newspaper
  • The only daily newspaper in Kashmiri is the Koshur Akhbar. It is an online newspaper
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

History of print media in India

  • The first newspaper in India was the Bengal Gazette, established by James Augustus Hicky in Calcutta in 1780. Also known as the Calcutta General Advertise, the Bengal Gazette was a weekly newspaper. James Hicky is considered to the Father of the Indian Press
  • The first newspaper in an Indian language was the Samachar Darpan (Bengali, 1818). It was first published from the Serampore Mission Press
  • The oldest extant newspaper in India is the Bombay Samachar (Gujarati, 1822).
    Published from Bombay, it is also the oldest existing newspaper in Asia
  • The first newspaper in Hindi was the Samachar Sudha Varshan (Calcutta, 1854). It was unique in the sense that it was a two-page newspaper, with one page in Hindi and the other in Bengali
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

NEWS AGENCIES IN INDIA
  1. Press Trust of India (PTI)
    1. The Press Trust of India (PTI) is the largest news agency in India
    2. It is a non-profit cooperative among more than 450 Indian newspapers
    3. It is headquartered in New Delhi
    4. The PTI was incorporated in Madras in Aug 1947. It took over the Indian operations of Reuters and the Associated Press
    5. The PTI is the only news agency in the Indian subcontinent that operates its own communications satellite (an INSAT)
    6. The PTI has full-fledged news bureaux in London and New York, and has news exchange agreements with over 100 news agencies including Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, The New York Times, Bloomberg etc
    7. The PTI launched its Hindi language service PTIBHASHA in 1986
  2. United News of India (UNI)
    1. The United News of India (UNI) is the second largest news agency in India
    2. It was established in 1959 in New Delhi
    3. The UNI is the first news agency to place a stringer (freelance journalist) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
    4. The UNI was the first Indian news agency to serve subscribers abroad in 1981, selling its wire service to newspapers in the Persian Gulf and Singapore
    5. The UNI launched its Hindi language service UNIVARTA in 1982, and its Urdu service in 1992
    6. The UNI has collaboration agreements with foreign news services like Reuters and DPA
  3. Asian News International (ANI)
    1. It is based in New Delhi
    2. Provides multimedia news to over 50 news outlets in India and abroad
    3. Provides news services across multiple platforms including newspapers, TV, internet and cell phone
  4. Indo-Asian News Service (IANS)
    1. The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) is India’s largest private news agency
    2. The IANS was established in 1986 in New Delhi
    3. It is the primary news agency that covers the Indian diaspora residing abroad
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

GOVERNMENTAL BODIES RELATED TO NEWS MEDIA
Press Council of India

  • The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs the conduct of the print and broadcast media in India
  • It is one of the most important bodies that sustain democracy, acting as the watchdog of the press
  • The Press Council of India was established by Parliament in 1966. It presently functions under the Press Council Act 1978
  • The Press Council of India is protected by the Constitution and its actions may not be questioned
  • The Council adjudicates complaints by and against the press on violations of ethics and violations of the Freedom of Speech
  • The Council is headed by a Chairman, who is usually a retired judge of the Supreme Court. The Council contains 28 other members, of whom 20 are nominated by the press, 5 are nominated by Parliament and 3 are nominees of the Sahitya Academy, UGC and the Bar Council of India
  • The members of the Council serve for a period of 3 years
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

Press Information Bureau (PIB)

  • The Press Information Bureau (PIB) is the nodal agency of the Union Government for the dissemination of information regarding its policies, programmes and activities
  • The Bureau is headquartered in New Delhi
  • It functions under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
  • The PIB arranges photo coverage of government activities and distributes press materials to other news organizations
  • The PIB is the implementing agency for exchange of delegations of journalists between India and other countries
Keywords: India, ias, upsc, civil service, study material, free, general studies, general knowledge

Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI)

  • The Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI) regulates the registration of newspapers and other print media in India
  • It was established in 1956 and is headquartered in New Delhi
  • It functions under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting

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