NEWS MEDIA IN INDIA
Overview- India is the second largest market in the world for newspapers
- India, along with China and Japan, accounts for 62 of the world’s best selling daily newspapers
- There are more than 65000 newspapers and periodicals with over 7000 dailies, of which around 400 are in English
- In addition to English and 22 principal languages enunciated in the Constitution, newspapers in India are published in 81 other languages as well. These include regional dialects of Indian languages and a few foreign languages
- Print media in India is regulated by the Registrar of Newspapers for India
Readership and circulation
- The largest number of newspapers are published in Hindi
- The largest circulated daily newspaper in India is the Times of India (English)
- The largest circulated Hindi daily is the Dainik Bhaskar from Bhopal. It is also the largest circulated multi-edition daily newspaper in any language in India
- The largest circulated other language daily is the Malayala Manorama from Kottayam
- The largest circulated periodical is the fortnightly Saras Salil (Hindi, Delhi)
- The largest number of newspapers are published in Uttar Pradesh
- The Anandabazar Patrika (Bengali, Calcutta) is the largest single-edition regional language newspaper
- The only daily newspaper in Kashmiri is the Koshur Akhbar. It is an online newspaper
History of print media in India
- The first newspaper in India was the Bengal Gazette, established by James Augustus Hicky in Calcutta in 1780. Also known as the Calcutta General Advertise, the Bengal Gazette was a weekly newspaper. James Hicky is considered to the Father of the Indian Press
- The first newspaper in an Indian language was the Samachar Darpan (Bengali, 1818). It was first published from the Serampore Mission Press
- The oldest extant newspaper in India is the Bombay Samachar (Gujarati, 1822).
Published from Bombay, it is also the oldest existing newspaper in Asia - The first newspaper in Hindi was the Samachar Sudha Varshan (Calcutta, 1854). It was unique in the sense that it was a two-page newspaper, with one page in Hindi and the other in Bengali
NEWS AGENCIES IN INDIA
- Press Trust of India (PTI)
- The Press Trust of India (PTI) is the largest news agency in India
- It is a non-profit cooperative among more than 450 Indian newspapers
- It is headquartered in New Delhi
- The PTI was incorporated in Madras in Aug 1947. It took over the Indian operations of Reuters and the Associated Press
- The PTI is the only news agency in the Indian subcontinent that operates its own communications satellite (an INSAT)
- The PTI has full-fledged news bureaux in London and New York, and has news exchange agreements with over 100 news agencies including Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, The New York Times, Bloomberg etc
- The PTI launched its Hindi language service PTIBHASHA in 1986
- The Press Trust of India (PTI) is the largest news agency in India
- United News of India (UNI)
- The United News of India (UNI) is the second largest news agency in India
- It was established in 1959 in New Delhi
- The UNI is the first news agency to place a stringer (freelance journalist) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- The UNI was the first Indian news agency to serve subscribers abroad in 1981, selling its wire service to newspapers in the Persian Gulf and Singapore
- The UNI launched its Hindi language service UNIVARTA in 1982, and its Urdu service in 1992
- The UNI has collaboration agreements with foreign news services like Reuters and DPA
- Asian News International (ANI)
- It is based in New Delhi
- Provides multimedia news to over 50 news outlets in India and abroad
- Provides news services across multiple platforms including newspapers, TV, internet and cell phone
- Indo-Asian News Service (IANS)
- The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) is India’s largest private news agency
- The IANS was established in 1986 in New Delhi
- It is the primary news agency that covers the Indian diaspora residing abroad
- The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) is India’s largest private news agency
GOVERNMENTAL BODIES RELATED TO NEWS MEDIA
Press Council of India- The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs the conduct of the print and broadcast media in India
- It is one of the most important bodies that sustain democracy, acting as the watchdog of the press
- The Press Council of India was established by Parliament in 1966. It presently functions under the Press Council Act 1978
- The Press Council of India is protected by the Constitution and its actions may not be questioned
- The Council adjudicates complaints by and against the press on violations of ethics and violations of the Freedom of Speech
- The Council is headed by a Chairman, who is usually a retired judge of the Supreme Court. The Council contains 28 other members, of whom 20 are nominated by the press, 5 are nominated by Parliament and 3 are nominees of the Sahitya Academy, UGC and the Bar Council of India
- The members of the Council serve for a period of 3 years
Press Information Bureau (PIB)
- The Press Information Bureau (PIB) is the nodal agency of the Union Government for the dissemination of information regarding its policies, programmes and activities
- The Bureau is headquartered in New Delhi
- It functions under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
- The PIB arranges photo coverage of government activities and distributes press materials to other news organizations
- The PIB is the implementing agency for exchange of delegations of journalists between India and other countries
Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI)
- The Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI) regulates the registration of newspapers and other print media in India
- It was established in 1956 and is headquartered in New Delhi
- It functions under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
RADIO AND TELEVISION IN INDIA
Prasar Bharti (Broadcasting Corporation of India)- Prasar Bharti is India’s largest broadcaster, comprising of Doordarshan and All India Radio
- It is an autonomous corporation operating under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
- Prasar Bharti was established in 1997
All India Radio
- Radio broadcasting in India started in 1927 in Bombay and Calcutta with two privately owned transmitters
- In 1930, the government assumed control of radio broadcasting and established the Indian Broadcasting Service.
- All India Radio was established in 1936, as a successor to the Indian Broadcasting Service
- All India Radio is the official radio broadcaster of India
- It is officially known as Akashvani. The word Akashvani was coined by Prof M V Gopalaswamy for his radio station in Mysore in 1936
- All India Radio is a division of Prasar Bharti
- The headquarters of AIR is the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi
- The External Services Division of the AIR broadcasts in 27 languages to foreign countries
- The AIR also broadcasts a General Overseas Service in English aimed at a general international audience
Doordarshan
- Doordarshan is the public television broadcaster of India
- It is a division of Prasar Bharti
- Doordarshan was established in 1959.
- Regular daily transmission started in 1965. National telecasts were introduced in 1982
- DD India is the international broadcast of Doordarshan available internationally in 146 countries
- India’s highest TV tower is at Peetambara, New Delhi. At 235 metres, it is three times taller than the Qutub Minar
- Teletext service known as INTEXT was introduced in New Delhi in 1985 to provide common information such as train timings, stock markets etc
- Transmission of Question Hour of Parliament was commenced by Doordarshan in 1991. Today the Lok Sabha TV functions as a separate wing under Doordarshan
Amateur Radio in India
- Amateur radio is practiced by more than 16000 licensed users in India
- The first amateur radio operator in India was Amarendra Chandra Gooptu in 1921
- The first entertainment and public broadcasting station in India (VU6AH) was set up by E H Metcalfe in 1935. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mysore University
- The oldest amateur radio organization in India is the Amateur Radio Society of India (ARSI). Established in 1954, it represents India at the International Amateur Radio Union
- The amateur radio satellite HAMSAT was launched by the ISRO in 2005
- Amateur radio in India is regulated by the Wireless and Planning Corrdination Wing (WPC) of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
- To obtain a license for amateur radio operation, one must clear the Amateur Station Operator’s Certificate examination
- The call sign prefix for amateur radio stations in India is VU
CINEMA IN INDIA
Overview- India is the world’s largest producer of films
- The Indian government allows 100% FDI in film production and distribution
- The largest film studio complex in the world is the Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad
- Hindi and Telugu films account for 50% of the total films produced in India
History of Indian cinema
- The first film to be screened in India was the Auguste and Louis Lumiere moving pictures in Bombay in 1895
- The first short film made in India was The Flower of Persia, directed by Hiralal Sen in 1898
- The first full length film in India was Raja Harishchandra, made by Dadasaheb Phalke in 1913
- The first Indian talking film was Alam Ara, made by Ardeshir Irani in 1931
- The Bengal Film Journalists’ Association, established in 1937, is the oldest association of film critics in India.
- The first colour film in India was Kisan Kanya, made by Ardeshir Irani in 1937
Cinema awards
| Award | Awarded by | Established | |
| National Film Awards | Directorate of Film Festivals (Ministry of I&B, Govt. of India) | 1954 | |
| Bengal Film Journalists’ Association Awards | Govt. of West Bengal | 1937 | |
| Filmfare Awards | Filmfare | 1954 | |
| International Indian Film Academy Awards | Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. | 2000 | |
| Nandi Awards | Govt. of Andhra Pradesh | 2002 | |
Awards instituted under the National Film Awards
| Award | Category | Latest recipient |
| Dadsaheb Phalke Award | Lifetime contribution to cinema | Manna Dey (singer) |
| Indira Gandhi Award | Best first film of a director | Frozen: Shivaji Chandrabhushan (Hindi) |
| Nargis Dutt Award | Best film on national integration | Dharm: Bhavna Talwar (HindI) |
| Best Book on Cinema | From Raj to Swaraj: The Non-fiction film in India – B D Garga (English) | |
| Best film critic | V K Joseph |
Cinema institutes in India
| Institute | Location | Established |
| Asian Academy of Film and TV | Noida | 1993 |
| Film and Television Institute of India | Pune | 1960 |
| Whistling Woods International | Bombay | 2006 |
| Mindscreen Film Institute | Chennai | 2006 |
| Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute | Calcutta | 1995 |
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